The best way to explain is with an example. The C rating multiplied by the capacity (in Amps, not milliamps) gives you the result. It’s a value to help you determine this, rather than the answer itself. A LiPo battery with a voltage preceded by an ‘S’ value (e.g., 2S) refers to the two cells being in series, hence 2S or 3S, and so on.Ĭ rating (LiPo only): This refers to the fastest a battery can be drained without damaging it. If a LiPo battery has 7.4V, it will have two cells. Therefore, a NiMH battery with 7.2V has six cells. Voltage: Nominal voltage for NiMH and LiPo battery cells are 1.2V and 3.7V respectively. For example, a 5000mAh battery used on something that consumes 500mA continuous current, you can expect about one hour of run time (conditions affect run time). It measures power over time and gives you an idea of run time for a given device. MAh: Means milliampere/hour and refers to capacity, kind of like a fuel tank volume. What do the numbers on the battery packs mean? Fundamentally, LiPo batteries use a solid electrolyte, whereas Li-ion batteries use a liquid. But LiPo batteries are more expensive and don’t last as long. LiPo batteries can be even more compact than Li-ion batteries and are more robust, hence their suitability for RC cars. If you’re wondering what the difference between LiPo and Li-ion batteries is, there are a few. On the downside, they are more expensive than NiMH batteries and their lifespan is considerably less – they can be expected to last no more than 250 cycles. LiPo battery discharge rate is also less than NiMH batteries – around 5% per month. LiPo batteries also don’t suffer from the ‘memory effect’ and don’t have to be flat to be recharged. LiPo batteries have even higher energy density and higher voltage, which means they give better run time, more power, and can be smaller. Nickel-based batteries also have a relatively high discharge rate – around 10 to 15% per month. However, NiMH batteries suffer from the ‘memory effect’, which means that they need to be fully discharged before recharging to maintain their capacity. They are robust and have a good life cycle, able to be recharged several hundred times before failing. NiMH batteries have a reasonable energy density that allows decent run times and compact size. The ones most commonly seen in RC cars are nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries. Though, the ones used all have a range of different characteristics. Many combinations of materials have been used as electrodes in batteries, yet there is just a handful that has proven to be any good. The electrodes degrade with each cycle and eventually don’t work anymore. But rechargeable batteries cannot be recharged an infinite number of times. Connecting lithium-ion, lithium polymer, or nickel-metal hydride batteries for example to an external power source sends energy back into the battery and the reaction can occur all over again. Some batteries use materials that allow the reaction to be reversed. The chemical products created by the reactions happening at both electrodes builds up and causes increased resistance to the overall reaction and eventually, the reaction stops, that is, the battery goes flat. When a battery is in use, the flow of negatively charged electrons needs to be balanced by a positive charge, and that is why batteries also have an electrolyte. The force (voltage) and volume (current) of the movement of electrons determines the power of a battery. And these electrodes consist of different metals. These places electrons go to and from in a battery are the positive and negative electrodes, the anode and the cathode. To get electrons flowing, they need to be going from one place to another (I was going to make the analogy about commuting to work and then realised a lot of us work from home now). Electric energy is simply the flow of electrons, which creates a current.
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